To investigate the train-induced environmental vibration characteristics and transmission laws of the steel spring floating slab track section, a train-track coupling dynamic model is built to analyze the vibration source characteristics of the steel spring floating slab track section, and a 3D finite element model of the track-tunnel-soil-building coupling is built to analyze the transmission laws of the train-induced environmental vibration caused by the steel spring floating slab track, and the effectiveness of the model is verified based on on-site measurement results. The effects of different tunnel burial depths and avoidance distances on ground and building environmental vibrations is simulated and calculated, and the analysis results show that: at a point 10 m from the centerline of the metro tunnel, the maximum vertical vibration acceleration obtained from the simulation is 0.004 5g while the measured result is 0.004 2g, and the simulation results are consistent with the measurement results; the vibration intensity of buildings induced by metro train is strongly correlated with the horizontal avoidance distance from the metro, and is also related to the building's own structure; the tunnel burial depth has a significant influence on both floor and ground vibrations. As the tunnel burial depth increases, the vibration acceleration Z-vibration level decreases significantly, demonstrating that a greater tunnel burial depth is beneficial for controlling environmental vibrations.