With the application of modern sophisticated weapons and equipment in the military field, target detection and surveillance systems have developed rapidly, which is of great significance for the further study of camouflage materials. This paper discusses the research status of camouflage and stealth textile materials, introduces their application mechanism, focuses on the combination of the most widely used infrared camouflage materials and textile technology, summarizes new research on bionic camouflage textile materials, summarizes new dynamic-change camouflage textiles, and summarizes new detection and preparation technologies for camouflage textiles. Finally, the future development trends of camouflage textile materials are predicted and analyzed.