Fluorescence lidar technology is one of the main methods for long-distance detection of organic aerosols. It is widely used in the detectionearly warningidentification and tracking of organic aerosols. In order to detect organic aerosols and prevent hazards as soon as possibleit is of great significance to improve the detection time resolution and early warning speed of fluorescent lidar system. According to the requirements of high time resolution and fast response of the fluorescent lidara design scheme of data acquisition system is proposed. The system divides the lidar signal detection process into data production and data consumption based on the producer-consumer model. Combined with the software multithreading technologythe coupling degree of the two modules is reduced and the parallelism degree of the two modules is increased. Thereforethe detection cycle of the fluorescent lidar is shortened effectively. The detection results show that when the multi-pulse accumulation acquisition period is 100ms and the number of single trigger sampling points is 20000the improvement rate of the lidar detection time resolution reaches 40.51%and it has good consistency with the theoretical formula. The system can be applied to the high time resolution data acquisition of fluorescence lidar.