Advancements in space-ground integrated surveillance techniques have expanded detection coverage and reduced object revisit times， enabling the collection of multiple orbit tractlets of new debris within hours of an event and thereby facilitating timely tracking and cataloging. This study evaluates the detection and cataloging capabilities for monitoring debris clouds using space-based optical systems. Utilizing historical two-line element data， the identification and cataloging potential of debris generated by the COSMOS-2251/Iridium-33 satellite collision were analyzed， assuming a space-based optical detection constellation of 24 satellites. Results indicate that 99% of new debris fragments can be resolved within 20 minutes post-collision. Analysis of randomly selected samples of 100 debris fragments from each satellite revealed that 81% of COSMOS-2251 debris and 87% of Iridium-33 debris possess at least 10 observable tractlets within one day following the collision. Considering all observable tractlets within this timeframe， 70% of COSMOS-2251 debris and 73% of Iridium-33 debris were successfully cataloged. These findings demonstrate that a well-designed space-based optical surveillance system can catalog over 70% of new debris resulting from space collisions within one day.