With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, more and more materials including nanomaterials, heavy metals and biomass materials have been exposed in our life. In order to study the influencing mechanism of these materials in biological tissue, we investigated the biosafety of quantum dots materials. The aims were to assess physiological behavior and some gene expressions of Caenorhabditis elegans with quantum dots CdS/ZnS expoure. The results showed that the quantum dots inhited the biological behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans, and up-regulated the expression of some genes including the cytotoxic gene, stress-related gene and development related gene.The body length, head-swimming rate and body bending of C.elegans was down to (0.48±0.099) mm, (15.83±6.76) times/min and (7.72±1.12) times/20 s, from the control of (0.64±0.072) mm,(55.94±7.17) times/min and (9.95±2.42) times/20 s respectviely. And, the gene transcript of GST-1, daf-21, HSP-16.4 was up-regulation to 15.33, 19.51 and 35.01 folds respectviely with 3.33 nmol/L CdS/ZnS quantum dots exposure. This work highlights the utility of the Caenorhabditis elegans model as a multiflexible platform to allow noninvasively imaging and monitoring in vivo consequences of engineered nanomaterials.