The ocean is a treasure trove of rich resources, which is particularly important for the development and utilization of marine resources. Technologies such as water and air cross-medium detection, communication, and underwater target determination have always been the focus of attention of relevant workers with any difficulty. As a kind of mechanical wave, sound is a good propagation carrier in water. Therefore, it is an appropriate method to achieve detection and communication across the water-air interface by extracting underwater acoustic wave information. However, there is still a lack of complete underwater acoustic signal propagation models and experiments. In this case, this paper proposes a simulation model of water surface ripple vibration generated by underwater acoustic signal based on finite element method, which detects water surface ripple with laser Doppler vibration measurement technology. Accurate underwater acoustic information can be obtained by both experiments and simulations. With the conditions of the same underwater acoustic signal parameters, the amplitude of the water surface ripples obtained by the experiment and the simulation is the same, which verifies the feasibility of laser Doppler vibration measurement technology to obtain underwater acoustic wave information and the correctness of the established simulation model. It provides an experimental basis and theoretical basis for realizing breakthroughs in water-space cross-medium detection and communication.