With the development of optical communication technology， the information interaction and transmission are becoming more and more numerous. Polar code is theoretically the only channel coding technology that can reach the Shannon limit， which can effectively reduce the transmission error rate. Therefore， it is of great significance to study the Pola code and its application in OFDM optical communication systems. Combining the advantages of Polar codes， the OFDM optical communication channel coding technology based on Polar codes is studied in this paper， and the algorithm simulation is carried out. The simulation results show that when the same decoding algorithm is used， as the length of the Polar code increases， the error rate gap between different systems becomes smaller and smaller， which can effectively shorten the decoding time and reduce the complexity of decoding.