The measurement system was designed that utilizes the principle of photoelectric autocollimation to detect the dynamic pitch misalignment angle of a precision centrifuge. The system allows for real-time measurement of pitch angle variations at the end of the centrifuge arm, situated outside the centrifuge chamber. An external trigger module determines when the centrifuge reaches the measurement position and generates a trigger signal to initiate the measurement process. Experimental analyses were conducted to evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector under varying exposure levels, and an automatic dimming module was implemented to mitigate inconsistencies in image gray levels at different centrifuge speeds. Simulation experiments were conducted to analyze measurement errors in the optical path and the effects of environmental temperature fluctuations. Finally, on-site measurements of the dynamic pitch angle were performed at the centrifuge facility, achieving a measurement repeatability of 0.207″.