Generally speaking, the optical radiation safety analysis of an adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging system does not currently consider the spectral bandwidth and superposition effect of imaging and beacon lights. To solve these problems, we propose a radiation safety analysis method that conforms to the international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) standard. First, the radiance calculation method is determined when a broadband spectral beam irradiates retina. Then, the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) is analyzed when retina is irradiated by two beams. The exposure safety analysis process is finally developed from the obtained retinal radiance and MPE. An AO swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging system, which covers the illumination conditions of various human retinal imaging systems, is considered as an example to calculate the radiance as well as the maximum radiance. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing with other methods. The proposed method is suitable for various human retinal imaging systems with and without AO technology, and it can provide a reference for calculating the safety level of human eye exposure to radiation.