Phosphorylation, a widespread post-translational modification observed in eukaryotic cells, plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic activities and cell signal transduction processes. In organisms, plant viral proteins have the ability to modulate the biological activity of proteins through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modifications, thereby controlling the transmission of biological signals within cells. The phosphorylation-modified plant viral proteins actively participate in regu-lating viral infection, viral RNA synthesis, RNA silencing and host gene expression. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the phosphorylation of plant virus proteins. This article provides an overview of phosphorylation modification sites, methods for identifying phosphorylation, and the biological functions of plant viral proteins, aiming to offer valuable insights into the role of phosphorylation in plant-virus interactions.