Pathologic diagnosis based on optical imaging suffers from the problems of cumbersome and time-consuming production of pathology slides，long manual diagnostic times，and increased risk of surgical complications. The development of rapid and quantitative auxiliary pathology diagnosis technology for cancer is of great significance. This study uses Mueller matrix polarization decomposition and Mueller matrix transformation methods，to extract the four parameters：A，b，D，and Δ for the polarization characterization of nuclear and fibrous structures of follicular thyroid carcinoma（FTC）tissue，follicular thyroid adenoma（FTA）tissue，and normal thyroid follicular tissue. Multivariate parameter space to explore the effect of four parameters on the differentiation of FTC tissue is constructed. Statistical methods to analyze the variability of 4 polarization parameters of two polarization-sensitive structures from three tissues are used. The result shows that the A-Δ and b-D planes are able to clearly distinguish FTC tissue from FTA tissue，and normal thyroid follicular tissue. And the parameters of A，b，D，and Δ are able to differentiate between the follicular carcinoma tissues and the follicular adenoma tissues. The results of the study provide a reference for the study of rapid and quantitative adjuvant pathology diagnostic methods for follicular thyroid cancer based on polarized imaging.