Organic optoelectronic materials exhibit various advantages, including low cost, low processing complexity, and relatively easy industrial production. Because of their excellent optoelectronic properties, such materials have been extensively used in flat panel displays, lighting, photovoltaic cells, and other industrial fields. Recently, organic optoelectronic materials have been extensively employed in terahertz wave dynamic modulation research. In this study, we introduce a series of research achievements with respect to the terahertz wave modulators of organic optoelectronic materials. Further, the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of optical modulation and electrical modulation are analyzed. Additionally, the recent scientific research achievements associated with the application of organic optoelectronic materials to terahertz wave modulation are discussed. This study indicates that organic optoelectronic materials can provide new research ideas to realize efficient terahertz wave modulators.