Textile-based pressurised medical devices for vascular pressure therapy have attracted much attention in terms of their research status and development direction as a medical aid widely used in clinical practice. For vascular diseases such as venous insufficiency and lymphatic reflux disorders, the current mechanism and methods of vascular pressure therapy are introduced with the research background of haemodynamics, biomechanics and ergonomics, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are summarized according to the classification of the existing vascular pressure therapy. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics, design principles and research directions of traditional pressure textiles and modern intelligent pressure devices at home and abroad are analyzed. It is found that the existing textile-based compression medical devices for vascular pressure therapy still have problems such as poor pressure durability, difficulty in monitoring the therapeutic pressure value, and inability to adjust the applied pressure. In-depth research and optimisation of the processes of raw material preparation and fabric shaping to improve the intelligence and personalisation of textile-based compression medical devices is the future development direction.