Medium-to-high-energy laser weapons are increasingly being applied to counter unmanned systems, and the study of their damage mechanism and combat effectiveness has become more and more important. First of all, based on the relevant data of unmanned and anti-unmanned system test, the damage effect of laser weapon striking coyote UAV is analyzed. Then, according to the characteristics and damage mechanism of laser weapon, the formula for calculating the irradiation intensity of laser weapon and the three-dimensional temperature field simulation and calculation model of coyote UAV are established, and finite element transient thermal analysis is used to obtain the temperature distribution cloud diagrams of different parts of coyote UAV irradiated by laser weapon and the temperature dependence of coyote UAV with temperature. Further, an in-depth study and analysis of laser thermal ablation destroying the carbon fiber shell of the coyote UAV is carried out, and the damage threshold is given. Finally, the accuracy of the thermal ablation model of laser weapon destroying coyote UAV is verified by comparing and analyzing the experimental results with the simulation results, and relevant suggestions are given for the destructive power and future development of the anti-unmanned laser weapon. This study offers valuable insights for assessing the combat effectiveness of laser weapons and equipment, refining striking methods, and developing laser protection measures.