Keratoconus, a progressive corneal ectatic disorder, requires early diagnosis and standardized treatment to delay disease progression and avoid corneal transplantation. In recent years, advancements in corneal biomechanical assessment technologies and the widespread adoption of collagen cross-linking (CXL) have significantly improved diagnosis and treatment outcomes. However, regional disparities in healthcare quality and insufficient standardization continue to hinder effective disease management. This article systematically reviews global and domestic research progress on medical quality control for keratoconus, comparing international practices with China's efforts across dimensions such as early screening, intervention strategies, postoperative management, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Studies reveal that developed countries have established hierarchical quality control systems centered on evidence-based guidelines, encompassing standardized corneal topography, CXL eligibility criteria, and long-term follow-up protocols. While China has made breakthroughs in technological innovation and policy-driven initiatives, persistent challenges include insufficient grassroots screening capacity and a lack of data-sharing mechanisms. To address these issues, this paper proposes recommendations to promote quality control standardization, strengthen AI-assisted diagnostics, and establish regional diagnostic and treatment networks. These strategies aim to enhance the medical quality of keratoconus care in China.