Pulse fiber lasers operating at 3 μm mid-infrared spectral region have numerous applications in defense, military, biomedicine and atmospheric communication. The graphene two-dimensional materials have drawn great attentions as saturable absorbers in the mid-infrared spectral region owing to their highlighted advantages such as convenient integration and compact all-fiber structure. We introduce the atomic structures and the optical properties of two-dimensional materials including graphene, black phosphorus, topological insulators, and transition metal sulfide. The mechanism and characteristics of the pulse mid-infrared fiber lasers based on these two-dimensional materials are introduced. Recent experimental achievements in the area of mid-infrared pulse fiber lasers utilizing two-dimensional materials are summarized. The future prospects of two-dimensional materials based pulse fiber lasers are also discussed.