In multiple important fields such as industry and homeland security, traditional single ray imaging technology often only provides limited image information and material analysis, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for non destructive detection. With the continuous advancement of technology, various ray fusion imaging techniques have emerged, which can comprehensively obtain richer detection information, thus gradually attracting widespread attention from scientists around the world. This article first provides a detailed introduction to the basic principles of X-ray and neutron fusion imaging technology, and elucidates its advantages in material identification and structural analysis. Secondly, by reviewing the development history and application status of X-ray and neutron fusion imaging technology in China and other countries, the research progress and application examples of different countries in this field are comparatively analyzed. Subsequently, the main achievements of the current research are summarized, and some issues in the existing research plan are pointed out, such as the complexity of data processing and limitations in imaging accuracy. Finally, the future development of X-ray and neutron fusion imaging technology is discussed, and possible technological innovation directions and application prospects are discussed.