In recent years, the green tide of Enteromorpha prolifera has become a marine ecological disaster in the Yellow Sea. Meanwhile, as a technology, the satellite remote sensing provides effective basic monitoring information for the prevention and control of the marine ecological disaster. The China's Ocean Color Satellites (HY-1C, HY-1D and the new-generation ocean color observation satellite) can provide multi-resolution synchronous observation data for monitoring the large floating Enteromorpha prolifera. In this study, the analysis method of quasi-true color synthesis for image and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are used to analyze the remote sensing characteristics of floating Enteromorpha prolifera on the sea surface from the image, spectrum, spatial-temporal coverage and the difference of the extracted information by using the multi-resolution remote sensing monitoring data. The analysis results indicate: spatial resolution is the key influencing factor for remote sensing monitoring of floating seaweed on the sea surface; China's ocean color satellite remote sensing images with spatial resolution of higher than 500 m can be well used for monitoring the floating Enteromorpha prolifera in its outbreak period; China's ocean color satellites can cover the floating Enteromorpha prolifera monitoring area in the Yellow Sea once a day with the medium resolution; NDVI increases with the enlargement of the seaweed's coverage; the distribution of Enteromorpha prolifera directly observed from remote sensing images with different resolutions has significant differences, and there is a negative correlation between their resolution and the monitored distribution area. The results of the paper have significance in ecological monitoring applications by using China's ocean color satellite data and demonstrating the specifications for coming satellite.