A kind of crafts called “elephant bone” is very common in nowadays′jewelry market.It is impossible for us to identify it only by conventional techniques.To clarify its material properties,the spectral properties of this material and ivory were analyzed and compared in the present paper through the gemological tests,infrared spectrum,Raman spectrum and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that this type of material has a refractive index RI:1.55 ±,showing a strong blue-white ultraviolet fluorescence,and has intermittent straight microcracks.FTIR,Raman and EDXRF test results showed that it is composed of biologically occurring calcium phosphate and collagen organic matter,as well as the mian trace elements Al、Zn、Sr,and its material composition is similar to that of ivory.However,due to having no Retzius stripes ,lack of the essential trace elements Mg,Si,and Its main elements Ca and P are higher than ivory.In the infrared absorption spectrum,the absorption peaks of C-O,C-H stretching vibration and N-H bending vibration of collagen amide bond between 1500~1700 cm-1 were significantly weaker than those of ivory.Together ,these characteristics make it distinguishable from ivory.It can be inferred as a bone product based on its surface microcracks,refractive index,and material composition.However,as there are not yet standard materials and data of elephant bone for reference,the author believes that it is very essential to figure the real source information of its origin,supply channels and process flow through market research to achieve more accurate identification of such handicraft materials.