For the problem of low calculation efficiency of CPU 3D measurement under CCD camera with high resolution, a new fast calculation method is proposed by GPU technology. At the same time, for the four parallel processes of 3D measurement, the method presents realizable specific algorithm processes in GPU. According to the data size and GPU characteristics, a new GPU data structure on device terminal is designed. The experimental results validate that the method effectively utilizes GPU massively parallel processing ability, the measurement time is only 4 seconds in the processing of the five-megapixel data, and the computational efficiency of the method is 160 times of CPU.