Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) are commonly used to solve chemical problems on electrochemical surface and interface, and to study cell and organism systems. Using the effect of surface plasmon, we can achieve higher signal enhancement by designing special nanomaterials. In order to improve the spatial resolution, the enhanced electric field at the tip of the needle can push the limit of spatial resolution to 2~5 nm in situ. Through the development of single particle detection methods, the growth of single particles and their interactions are studied. Moreover, on the surface of material, the spectral characteristics of each site on the surface are obtained to track the process of chemical reaction on whole surface, simultaneously. By this approach, we study the differences and relations of chemical reactions between micro-particles and macro-surface. With further improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, temporal and spatial resolution, SERS holds the great promise to be applied in other important applications in biology and medicine.