Based on cognitive load theory, the design optimization and practices of augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUDs) for commercial vehicles were investigated. Through in-depth research and analysis of human-machine interaction (HMI) in commercial vehicles, the existing AR-HUD display layouts for passenger vehicles were constructed, and a novel AR-HUD layout (PT-HUD) specifically designed for commercial vehicles was proposed. Grounded in the core principles of cognitive load theory, optimization strategies for commercial vehicle AR-HUDs were developed and implemented in design practices. The research findings provided theoretical and practical references for future commercial vehicle AR-HUD layout designs, holding significant academic and practical value.