Hydrogel fibers have gained considerable attention, but their large-scale production and industrial application are currently constrained. The key lies in precise diameter control and industrial manufacturing with a straightforward, energy-saving, and efficient strategy. Herein, we introduce a hydrodynamic drafting spinning platform inspired by water vortices. It employs the rotation of a nonsolvent to generate vortices and further facilitate the efficient drafting of hydrogel fibers. Through supporting equipment, we have achieved impressive results, including scalable production capabilities (1 h, single channel output of 2 × 103 m of fibers) and extensive adaptability. Subsequently, by simply regulating the velocity difference between fiber extrusion and fluid vortex, hydrogel fibers can be drafted to any diameter from about 1 mm to 5 × 10–2 mm (for chitosan system). Notably, this platform endows hydrogel fibers to carry functional hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. Equally significant, these delicate hydrogel fibers seamlessly integrate with subsequent manufacturing technologies. This allows the production of various end products, such as fiber bundles, yarns, fabrics, and nonwovens. Furthermore, the immense potential in biomedical applications has been demonstrated after obtaining hydrogel fiber-based nonwoven as wound dressings. In summary, the hydrodynamic drafting spinning platform offers an effective solution for the large-scale production of diameter-controllable, multifunctional hydrogel fibers.