The long burial time, severe corrosion and damage of waste ammunition pose extremely high safety risks. Improper handling or disposal of such unstable ordnance may lead to serious negative impact on society. Taking the disposal work of waste ammunition in Hunan Province as the research object, this paper summarized the main disposal methods, analysed the existing problems, and proposed countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the disposal capabilities. To explore the shortcomings of the current disposal methods, the characteristics of waste ammunition (such as types, age, and conditions) had been analysed by field research and relevant literature. The study reveals that China's waste ammunition disposal system confronts several critical challenges, including: (1) insufficient technical expertise among disposal personnel; (2) inadequate development of specialized storage infrastructure; (3) scarcity of specialized disposal equipment; (4) technological limitations in destruction methodologies; (5) an underdeveloped regulatory framework and institutional mechanisms for disposal operations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a comprehensive set of countermeasures: (1) enhancing specialized personnel training programs to improve technical competencies; (2) upgrading construction standards for dedicated storage facilities to ensure safety and compliance; (3) deploying advanced disposal equipment to increase operational efficiency; (4) developing innovative destruction technologies through targeted research; (5) standardizing disposal mechanisms to establish robust regulatory frameworks. The conclusion indicates that implementing scientific and standardized waste ammunition disposal protocols holds critical importance for mitigating public safety risks and safeguarding civilian lives and property. Future development should prioritize to enhance technological innovation and systematic improve management frameworks. These dual focus areas will collectively elevate operational standards and efficacy in waste ammunition disposal practices.