The three-dimensional reconstruction method based on digital speckle correlation technique is introduced in detail, including the basic principle of binocular stereo vision and the three-dimensional reconstruction process. The integer pixel search method and the subpixel interpolation algorithm based on Newton-Raphson iteration are emphatically analyzed, and the subpixel-level reconstruction is realized. According to the correlation model, the factors affecting the correlation coefficients are analyzed. Three-dimensional reconstructions by the binary and 8 grayscale speckles are discussed in terms of coefficient calculation and subpixel location precision. The ceramic plate and the ceramic standard ball are reconstructed by patterns with different speckle sizes and correlation region sizes in the experiments. Test results demonstrate that the reconstruction by the binary speckle has a better performance.