As the investigation deepened, it is necessary to measure the velocities of multiple targets, such as several flyers and a large number of granules, using just one probe, in the field of explosion and shock waves physics, intense laser, weapon, et al.. The operational principle and topology of photonic Doppler velocimetry are introduced. The signal characteristics and signal processing are analyzed, when the velocities of multiple targets are measured with just one probe, and the velocity resolution and spatial resolution are two key factors for measuring multiple velocities. According to the analysis, a photonic Doppler velocimetry is assembled on the basis of the optical Doppler effects,using the components well developed in the telecommunication industry, and the velocity of the explosively driven metal plate are tested by the proposed photonic Doppler velocimetry. The experimental results show that the velocities of one large aluminum flyer,several small aluminum flyers and a large number of lead granules are measured with just one probe, the velocity is up to 2.5 km/s,and the work distance is up to 20 mm.The research results will provide a valuable reference for the practical application of photonic Doppler velocimetry to measure multiple targets′ velocities.