In order to investigate the effect of laser processing parameters on surface roughness Ra and tool wear VB of zirconia ceramics, a fiber laser and a CBN tool were used to turn zirconia ceramics. Taguchi orthogonal experiment with four factors and four levels of laser power, spindle speed, feed speed, and backstroke was designed by Minitab, and the main effect of taguchi experiment was analyzed. The results showed that the order of influence of various process parameters on surface roughness Ra is laser power, backdraft amount, feed speed, and spindle speed. The order of influence on tool wear VB is laser power, backdraft amount, spindle speed, and feed speed. The higher the laser power, the smaller the amount of the back, the smaller the surface roughness of the workpiece, and the lighter the tool wear. Taking the minimum roughness of workpiece surface and the minimum tool wear as indexes, the optimal process parameters are obtained as laser power of 125 W, spindle speed of 550 r/min, feed speed of 5 mm/min, and backdraft of 0.2 mm. Compared with the experimental results of non-laser-assisted turning, laser-assisted machining is further verified that it can greatly improve workpiece surface quality and reduce tool wear.