In order to resolve the problem of target orientation precision descent that is caused by relative angular translation between optoelectronic (OE) platform and aircraft, a measurement system is proposed to survey this angular movement. The reason of target orientation descent of present airborne OE platform is analyzed and both attitude measurement and camera calibration algorithm based on multiple control points on system are involved. Primary reason which conducts target orientation descent is introduced. Using monocular vision, angular translation measurement method is proposed, and mathematical model is set up based on camera calibration. Then, three-step method used for surveying relative angular translation is established by stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) and direct linear transformation (DLT) with multiple control points. Both simulative and experimental results are achieved. The experiments show that the precision of measuring relative angular translation method is smaller than 0.092° and 0.54 ms is consumed by a single measurement. It can satisfy the requirements of relative angular translation between aircraft and OE platform precisely and timely.