A surface defect photonic crystal with absorbing medium is proposed to achieve the high throughput detection of sample solution information combining the surface wave resonance theory and microwell plate technique. According to the layered transmission matrix method and the Goos-Hnchen theory, the refractive index sensing mechanism is analyzed and the theoretical model between the resonance angle and the refractive index change of the detected sample is proposed. Combining the microwell plate technique and the angle modulation method, the spectrum analysis for different detected samples in different sensing areas can be performed respectively in the same scanning period. The simulation results show that the change of the concentration for the detected sample can vary the resonant angle, which makes the shift of the resonant defect peak wavelength in the reflective spectrum. In addition, the simultaneous detection of multiple sample resolution information can be obtained by angle scanning in single period. The method can provide certain theoretical and technical references for the design of high throughput detection system.