The uniform Ni-P-Al203 eletroless plating was produced on Fe-C alloy, and treated by high power continuous-wave (CW) CO2 laser. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the Al2O3 particles. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the morphologies of the coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the phases and elements of the coating. The changes of micro-hardness before and after laser processing were tested respectively. The results reveal that the strengthened coating has good performances with smooth surface, uniform components and fined microstructure. The phases in strengthened layer obviously changes from amorphous state to crystalline state and the main phase is Ni3P with some non-equilibrium phases. Al2O3 particles are homogeneously dispersed in the grain boundaries, which can greatly improve the material properties. The whole coating is divided into four regions from surface to inner as follows: laser strengthed region, transition zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and substrate. The microhardness of strengthened region is about 3 times of substrate owing to the dispersion of the Al2O3 particles and the phosphide as strengthening phase.