The fabrications for the tapered fiber probes with the laser-induced chemical deposition method (LICDM) and the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection performance of the prepared probes are experimentally investigated in this paper. Our results show that, it is difficult to deposit nanoparticles on the surface of the small cone angle tapered fiber probes with LICDM. The main reason is that the taper surfaces are mainly covered by a relatively low-intensity evanescent field. By lengthening the reaction time, however, it is still possible to deposit nanoparticles on small-angle tapers with the light-scattering effect, which is caused by the silver nanoparticles. With the inducing laser power of 100 mW and the reaction solution of 0.005 mol/L, tapered fiber probes with different cone angles are successfully prepared after depositing for 60 min. The testing results show that for this specific preparation condition, the tapered fiber probe with the cone angle of 8.2° exhibits the highest SERS spectral intensity, which is almost unchanged for different excitation laser powers.