To determine the optimal top dressing frequency for wheat under integrated water and fertilizer management, a field plot experiment is conducted with consistent fertilizer application rates and types. The treatments include traditional flood irrigation as the control (CK) and five integrated water and fertilizer treatments with top dressing frequencies of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times (T1-T5). The effects on wheat population density, yield components, and economic benefits are evaluated. The results show that the pre-winter population density of wheat under CK is significantly higher than that of T1-T5, while post-winter population density of wheat in T1-T5 is significantly higher than CK. Yield components in T1-T5 outperform CK, though thousand-grain weight shows no significant differences. T3 achieves the highest spike number per mu (9.4% increase over CK), T5 exhibits the maximum grains per spike (10.6% increase over CK), and T4 delivers the highest theoretical yield (16.9% increase over CK) and net profit (12.6% increase over CK). Under experimental conditions, four top dressing applications under integrated water and fertilizer management prove optimal for wheat production.