To address challenges associated with multiple cables and significant link loss in high-speed CMOS image data transmission， a fiber-optic transmission system for high-speed CMOS image data was investigated. The limiting factors of high-speed fiber-optic transmission were identified， with particular emphasis on the transmission link within the fiber-optic module. The electrical signal link was determined as the critical element impacting overall transmission performance. Initially， based on the transmitter’s full-temperature-range transmission capability and the receiver’s minimum required signal amplitude for stable operation， the maximum permissible insertion loss for the electrical transmission link was established. Employing an insertion loss model for the transmission link， the reliable transmission distance was quantified， constrained primarily by the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. Subsequently， considering the AC coupling requirements for high-speed signals in fiber-optic modules and the limitations imposed by the use of small-package nickel-electrode capacitors in high-reliability aerospace applications， compensation strategies were developed to mitigate impedance mismatches caused by large-package coupling capacitors and vias. Furthermore， for the Aurora 64b/66b protocol implemented in the GTX module， a method was proposed that utilizes the empty flag signal of the cache FIFO to restore line boundaries within the data stream， supplemented by the insertion of line head， line end identifiers， and synchronization headers between the Reed-Solomon encoder and the scrambler to reduce FPGA memory resource consumption. Simulation results at a 10 Gb/s transmission rate indicate an echo insertion loss of -10.243 2 dB on the circuit board， surpassing OIF-CEI-04.0 and PCIe 4.0 protocol standard requirements and confirming high signal transmission quality. The overall insertion loss of -1.477 65 dB also exceeds link specification demands. Software testing over 48 hours demonstrated a bit error rate of 5.789×10⁻¹⁶， confirming the system's stability and reliability. Comparative analysis between the novel and conventional methods reveals that the proposed protocol interface reduces FPGA storage resource usage by 3.6%， highlighting its efficiency and practical significance.