The airborne optical lens has strong mobility and can replace ground personnel to carry out observation tasks in various harsh environments, and plays an increasingly important role in the military and civilian fields. Traditional UAVs are usually equipped with a single-band imaging system with visible or infrared light, and the anti-interference ability is poor. Not only that, in harsh temperature environments, temperature changes can deform the optical lens, affecting the imaging quality of the entire system. In order to meet the imaging requirements of the airborne optical system in harsh environments, the system needs to be athermalized designed to eliminate the focus shift caused by temperature changes and ensure that the system has good imaging quality in a wide temperature range. In addition, these imaging systems are usually suitable for smaller detector target surfaces, and cannot maintain high image resolution within a large field of view, so they are not suitable for long-distance airborne detection lenses. In view of the above application difficulties, based on the achromatic and athermalized design principles, an airborne optical system with a wide spectrum and large target area was developed, which can realize all-weather detection and work in harsh temperature environments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.In this paper, an athermalized design scheme for a transmissive wide-spectrum airborne optical system is proposed. Firstly, according to the achromatic and athermalized design principles of the optical system, the selection principles of glass materials and mechanical materials are derived. Then, the technical indicators of the system were determined according to the actual needs (Tab.1), and the refractive confocal lens configuration was used as the initial structure. In ZEMAX, multiple structure functions are used to optimize the imaging quality of the visible light band, near-infrared band and short-wave infrared band in a wide temperature range, and finally the target structure that meets the design requirements is obtained.The optimized target has a total of 7 groups of 10-piece lenses (Fig.1), with a working band of 0.4-1.7 μm, which can be adapted to the detector target surface with a diagonal of 28.97 mm. In the temperature range of -40-60 ℃, the imaging quality of the visible band (Fig.2), the near-infrared band (Fig.3), and the short-wave infrared band (Fig.4) are good. According to the tolerance analysis and opto-mechanical design results, the corresponding prototype is made, and the imaging quality is tested. The test results show that the MTF values of the visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared bands are all greater than 0.4 at 50 lp/mm (Tab.6), and the maximum distortion under each band is less than 0.61% (Tab.7), which meets the needs of clear imaging of wide spectrum detection lenses.In this paper, according to the achromatic and athermalized design principles of the optical system, a wide-spectrum athermalized airborne optical system covering the band of 0.4-1.7 μm was designed, and 7 groups of 10-piece standard spherical environmentally friendly glass materials were used, which could be adapted to the detector target surface with a diagonal of 28.97 mm. The design results show that the optical system has good imaging quality in the temperature range of -40-60 ℃, and meets the requirements of athermalized design. The results show that the MTF values of the visible light band, the near-infrared band and the short-wave infrared band at 50 lp/mm are all greater than 0.4, and the maximum distortion under each band is less than 0.61%, which meets the needs of clear imaging of the wide spectrum detection systems. This paper provides a reference case for the athermalized design of a wide-spectrum airborne optical system with large target surface.