Laser wireless energy transmission plays an irreplaceable role, researchers have never stopped working on high-efficiency laser wireless energy transmission systems. Based on the situation that different obstacles exist in the laser transmission process in space, this will affect the output characteristics of the laser wireless energy system. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the influence of shielding on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this work, the effect of the masking degree on the performance of the 6-junction laser cells is analyzed by theoretical simulation of the 6-junction equivalent diode model and experiment. In addition, the I-V curves of the 6-junction GaAs laser cells were experimentally measured by using an 808 nm wavelength laser as the light source in four scenarios of shade degree under five different powers, then the relation between the shade and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained. Experimental results show that the short-circuit current, photoelectric conversion efficiency and open-circuit voltage of the 6-junction laser energy conversion chip decrease with the increase of shielding degree at the same optical power. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental results. At the same time, an effective optimization strategy for obtaining higher power is given by optimizing the circuit in the presence of masking. In theory, the optimized circuit can obtain higher maximum power point than the series circuit, and the correctness of the theoretical simulation is verified by experiments. Thus, it can be concluded that the shade degree plays a crucial role in obtaining the maximum power of the receiver.