Through laser cladding test, metallographic test, residual stress detection and static tensile test of cladding specimens, and the variation law of mechanical properties of laser cladding specimens were studied. It was found that the thick weissenite structure was produced in the remelting zone of the cladding specimen, and the residual tensile stress was introduced into the cladding specimen during the cladding process. Compared with the matrix specimen, the tensile strength of the cladding specimen was reduced to a certain extent, and the elongation of the cladding specimen was significantly reduced. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the cladding specimens are reduced in different degrees compared with the matrix materials, that is, the matrix materials have a certain degree of damage after laser cladding. Here, this kind of damage is quantitatively analyzed and a quantitative evaluation model of cladding damage is established, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of laser cladding.