Acta Photonica Sinica, Volume. 54, Issue 1, 0132001(2025)
Streaking Time Delay and the Oscillation Amplitude of the Momentum Shift
In usual attosecond streaking schemes, an Extreme Ultraviolet (XUV) pulse of a few hundred attoseconds serving as a pump and a phase-controlled few-cycle Infrared (IR) pulse as a probe. XUV photon can excite the bound electron in atoms to continuum states, resulting in ionization. The ionized electrons can then be accelerated, decelerated, or deflected by the external IR laser field, generating attosecond-level temporal resolution. In the presence of a polarized IR laser pulse, ionization of a bound electron is achieved by absorbing an XUV photon, the energy of the photoelectron ejected forward along the laser polarization is affected by the attosecond streaking of the external IR pulse and depends on the phase of the IR pulse at the moment of ionization. By analyzing attosecond streaking spectra, the photoemission delay can be determined from the final kinetic energy oscillation associated with the relative delay between XUV and IR fields. Both the streaking time delay and amplitude of the energy oscillation depend on the coupling of the potential and the detected IR field. The determination of streaking time delay is a complex task that involves taking into account a variety of effects, such as the Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith (EWS) time delay,Coulomb-Laser Coupling (CLC), electron correlation and dipole-laser coupling. In the context of streaking time delay for ground-state hydrogenic atoms, it is commonly acknowledged that two factors account for this delay. The first is the EWS delay, resulting from the potential's short-range behavior. The second is the CLC delay, due to the joint influence of the IR pulse and the long-range Coulomb potential. Attosecond streaking provides unprecedented insights into the dynamics of time-resolved photoelectron emission in atoms. Moreover, in addition to conventional linearly polarized fields, researchers have recently combined bicircular fields with streaking. This approach enables ionization-time retrieval with remarkable few-attosecond precision. While exploring the streaking dynamics, most of the aforementioned reports have focused mainly on the streaking time delay and have not discussed the oscillation amplitude of the momentum shift of the electron, which defines the strength of the IR field if measured from the spectra, explicitly. However, to truly understand the dynamics, we need to consider the oscillation amplitude
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Mengfei XIE, Weichao JIANG. Streaking Time Delay and the Oscillation Amplitude of the Momentum Shift[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2025, 54(1): 0132001
Category: Ultrafast Optics
Received: Jun. 28, 2024
Accepted: Aug. 19, 2024
Published Online: Mar. 5, 2025
The Author Email: JIANG Weichao (jiang.wei.chao@szu.edu.cn)