To recognize the poses of parts to be measared by a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) corrcetly and rapidly, a single-camera stereo vision recognization method based on the translation of CMM was proposed, and its principle, pose parameter solution and recognization procedure were studied. According to the double-camera stereo vision principle, an image of the measured part was capured with a CCD camera driven by the CMM along its X axis or Y axis on two different positions correspondly. Thus, the single-camera stereo vision measurement for the part was realized with the proposed matching method on two images with the same feature point, and the 3D coordinates of each feature point in the camera coordinate system were obtained. Then, by using the camera calibration parameters, 3D coordinates of each feature point in the machine coordinate system were calculated. Finally, combining with the 3D coordinates of each feature point in the CAD coordinate system for the part, the pose parameters of the part were solved. The recognization system was set up, and an experiment was conducted. The results show that the recognized translation pose parameters of the experiment part txl tyl and tzl are 32.65 mm,-90.23 mm, and 13.27 mm,respectively; and the rotation angle pose parameter AX,AY and AZ are 38°, 4° and 5°, respectively. Moreover, the recognization time is 1.818 s. Experiment result shows that the recognization method discussed above is correct and pratical, and meets the measuring requirement in real time.