In order to realize the real-time measurement of the boresight vibration of the dual line array surveying and mapping camera, a measurement model of the optical axis of the aerospace line array surveying and mapping camera is established. First, by setting up laser transceivers at both ends of the focal plane of the camera, through the central prism correlation, an angle parameter change measurement model for the two cameras is constructed. An optical axis measurement method for multi-line array cameras based on the dual-vector attitude determination principle is proposed. The calculation expression is given and the algorithm error is analyzed, which is verified by simulation. In addition, the residuals of the two algorithms are simulated and the results show that the simplified algorithm is only in good agreement with the dual vector algorithm in a small measurement range but when the detection range is expanded to 2 seconds, the algorithm in this article can be used to obtain 0.1 arc-second. Finally, the algorithm was tested and verified in a thermal vacuum environment, which verified that the calibration accuracy of the internal and external parameters of the camera using this algorithm reached 0.1 arc-second. The results showed that the angle parameters of the two cameras exhibited the periodicity of the orbit, which provided good conditions for the subsequent development of stereo surveying and mapping tasks.