In order to reduce the negative impact of environmental factors on laser interferometric displacement measurement and meet the accuracy requirements of displacement measurement, a laser interferometric displacement automatic measurement system based on artificial intelligence technology is optimized and designed. Modify the laser, laser interferometer, photoelectric converter, and laser interference signal processor to complete the hardware design of the laser interference displacement automatic measurement system. Taking into account the principles of laser emission, superposition, and interference, automatically generate laser interference signals. By utilizing the artificial neural network algorithm in artificial intelligence technology, the characteristics of light intensity changes in laser interference signals are extracted. Through two steps of displacement calculation and measurement error compensation, the automatic measurement function of laser interference displacement in the system is completed. The experiment concludes that compared with the traditional measuring system, the displacement measurement error of the optimized design system is smaller, the maximum error is only 12.3 μm, the measurement accuracy reaches 0.11 μm, and the displacement measurement time is only 1.10 min, which has higher measurement accuracy and faster displacement measurement efficiency.