In order to study the clinical characteristics of diquat poisoning patients and evaluate the related factors and molecularmechanism of brain injury in diquat poisoning patients, this study collected 56 patients with diquat poisoning and dividedthem into a brain injury group of 14 cases and a non-injury group of 42 cases based on their brain injury status during hospitalization,and compared the baseline data and laboratory indicators of patients between the two groups. The study analyzed therelevant factors of brain injury in diquat poisoning patients using logistic regression, and used receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis to compare the predictive value of the above related factors alone or in combination on the brain injurystatus of diquat poisoning patients. The grouping comparison results showed that body mass index (BMI), diquat cation poisoningdose, the proportion of mechanical ventilation, and the proportion of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in thebrain injury group were significantly higher than those in the non-injury group (P<0.05) . The serum biochemical indicatorsthe brain injury group such as S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR) after admission and the white blood cell (WBC) count,neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at 24 hours after poisoning were significantly higher than those in theuninjured group (P<0.05) . A method of univariate regression followed by multivariate regression analysis was taken to analysethe variables with significant differences in group comparison, and the results of regression showed that the 24-hour NLR afterpoisoning has certain independent predictive value for the brain injury status of patients with diquat poisoning. The comparisonresults of ROC curve analysis further indicated that when NLR at 24 hours after poisoning was combined with BMI and the diquatcation poisoning dosage, or NLR at 24 hours after poisoning was combined with BMI and the concentration of diquat in theblood before hemoperfusion, a higher predictive value can be obtained for the brain injury status of diquat poisoning patients.The increase of 24-hour NLR level after diquat poisoning is significantly correlated with the increase of brain injury, which canbe used as an independent predictor of the occurrence of brain injury during hospitalization, and when 24-hour NLR is combinedwith BMI, diquat cation poisoning dose and blood diquat concentration, a higher predictive value of brain injury eventscan be obtained.