Amphibians are important indicators of ecological environment monitoring. In order to understand the amphibian resource status and threatened factors in the National Nature Reserve of West Dongting Lake, Hunan province, from 2016 to 2018, typical habitats in the reserve were selected and 10 sample lines were set to carry out field survey, and environmental factors, amphibian species, number and threat factors within the sample line were recorded. The results showed that: 14 species of amphibians were recorded, belonging to 1 order, 5 families and 8 genera, accounting for 20.59% of the 68 species of amphibians recorded in Hunan province. Most of the floras are Oriental species, among which there are 9 species in central China and south China, accounting for 64.29%. There were 4 species in the southwest area of south China and central China in the eastern boundary, accounting for 28.57%. Hoplobatrachus chinensis classified as National II Key Wildlife Conservation. After calculation and analysis, the recorded amphibian Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index were 1.445 4 and 0.649 1 respectively, and the Pielou evenness was 0.149 4. Correlation analysis showed that the species richness and relative abundance of amphibians in different months were not significantly correlated with environmental factors. The amphibian resources in West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan province are abundant, but they are not evenly distributed and a variety of human disturbance factors have potentials impacts on the diversity of amphibians in the region.