Biomass-derived carbon materials represents promising electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to wide range of precursor sources, large specific surface area, intrinsic heteroatom doping, and controllable pore structure. Additionally, increasing attention has been garnered for significant role in alleviating environmental problems, enhancing waste utilization, and promoting sustainable energy storage applications. This paper summarizes recent advances of biomass-derived carbon materials for supercapacitors with focus on main sources of biomass precursors, preparation strategies and nanostructure for biomass-derived carbon. Then, the pore structure, specific surface area and electrochemical performance of biomass carbon constructed by different strategies (carbonization method, activation method and heteroatom doping) are elaborated. The effect of nanoscale pore structure on their performance is emphasized. Finally, the development prospects and main challenges of biochar in supercapacitors are proposed. This review would provide valuable insights for future development and efficient utilization of biomass carbon.