In this paper, an SLR refractive index sensor based on a silver nanoring array is designed, and the optical and sensing performances of this structure are studied from two aspects of simulation and experiment. The optical simulation software FDTD is used to calculate the reflection spectra of the structure under different parameters, explore the optical performance of the structure, and optimize the structural parameters. The experimental part includes the initial preparation and the final test using methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. These five solutions with different refractive indexes are used as the test environment to explore the refractive index transmission of the structure. The simulation results show that the structure can be adjusted to the resonance wavelength and refractive index sensitivity. The experimental results of the optimized structure are in good agreement with the simulation data. The final experimental refractive index sensitivity is 663 nm/RIU and the quality factor is 9.2. The proposed structure exhibits potential application value in biosensing detection in terms of preparation and performance.