Aimed at the requirements of remote observation dynamic performance evaluation of photoelectric imaging systems such as vehicle visual intelligent perception and low altitude regional defense, an indoor simulated moving target system was developed. Based on the linear space shift invariant system model, the MTF measurement principles with ''three-bar target'' and ''four-bar target'' were analysed. A measurement method of the dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) was proposed for an optoelectronic imaging system based on a variable frequency target. A design scheme of a variable frequency target was introduced, the solution method of MTF value was proposed, and the static and dynamic MTF comparative test experiments were conducted for ''three-bar target'' and variable frequency target. The experimental results show that compared with the "three bar target" measurement method, the proposed frequency conversion target dynamic MTF measurement method has a relative maximum deviation ratio of 1.9% for static MTF measurement and 2.8% for dynamic MTF measurement. The method can solve the MTF curve from one target image and has more advantages than ''knife edge method'', ''three-bar target'', ''four-bar target'' and other methods in the field of dynamic MTF measurement technology.