In this study, a position information detection system based on vector vortex light field is designed to achieve the synchronization of position detection under the vector vortex light field, improve the repeatability of position information detection of the three-lens module, and improve the overall accuracy of the experiment. Under the certain experimental conditions, a camera module containing three polarization angle lenses is designed according to the polarization principle of vector vortex light to obtain images of the position points in the light field, and then the polarization information of the collected points is obtained by the data processing system. Experimental results show that the position information detection system of vector vortex light can correctly obtain the data of each point in the light field, and the detection system meets the requirements of high operability, high positioning accuracy, and robustness fluctuation of less than 1%, and it can be applied to the pre-position collection of vector vortex light navigation.