In order to realize the in-situ detection of large aperture plane mirrors, wavefront detection is achieved by a combination of the Ritchey-Common method and holographic detection through the differential transfer function, combined with the actual Ritchey-Common detection architecture, and through the occlusion code of the pupil. Firstly, the principle of large aperture plane mirror detection based on differential transfer function method is derived, and the existing large aperture wavefront is compared with the reconstructed wavefront. Finally, the detection light path is built by using deformable mirrors. The correlation between the surface shape obtained by this method and the input surface shape is not less than 70%. This paper is of great significance to the fundamental cosmological propositions such as the detection of the "first light" of the universe and the "one black, two dark and three origins".