To verify the performance of the microwave spectrometer for temperature detection and better design and apply the microwave spectrometer on the new generation of Fengyun satellite， the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed the Atmospheric Microwave Comprehensive Sounder （AMCS） and carried out the first airborne test in China. The test was conducted on September 17 and 21， 2022 in the Sanjiangyuan area. The altitude of the observation area remains basically above 4 km， and the cruising altitude of the drone is 7~7.5 kilometers. A normal-temperature blackbody thermal calibration source and a high-temperature noise calibration source are used to calibrate the flight data at five moments on September 17 and 21， 2022， and the optimal estimation method in the Atmospheric Radiation Transmission Simulator （ARTS） is used for retrieval analysis. The results show that the brightness temperature data after calibration at the same time have good consistency， which are basically consistent with the simulated brightness temperature. The retrieval data of the three moments on September 17， 2022 are affected by clouds， rain and snow， and the Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） remain within 1.5 K， while the retrieval results of the traditional channel microwave radiometer at different times are quite different. The RMSEs at the two moments on September 21， 2022 are basically maintained within 1 K， and the RMSE at most heights was kept within 0.7 K， which are significantly better than the traditional channel radiometer. This airborne test preliminarily verifies the performance of the AMCS within 400~520 hPa and lays a foundation for the subsequent design and application of spaceborne microwave spectrometers. More detailed V-band spectrometer test analysis of the higher atmosphere will be carried out.