In the context of increasing battlefield transparency and "find and destroy" reconnaissance strikes, camouflage has become an effective means of improving the survival of military targets and covering military operations. This paper provides a systematic analysis of reconnaissance and surveillance and various types of camouflage countermeasures covering the air-sky-earth-sea range against the background of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. And the development direction of camouflage countermeasures is proposed from the aspects of adaptive multi-spectral camouflage technology development, lightweight and long-span camouflage equipment development, multi-dimensional camouflage strategy application and effect evaluation.