Based on virtual instrument technology and taking Chongqing metro as an example, a wireless monitoring system that can automatically monitor the vibration reduction performance of track structures for a long-time is designed and developed. This enables real-time monitoring of vibration response, analysis and processing of vibration data, and prediction and analysis of the vibration reduction performance of track structures. The wireless monitoring system consists of hardware devices and software systems. The hardware devices mainly consist of a switched power supply, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, data acquisition cards, and wireless transmission modules. The software system mainly consists of a login interface and main interface modules, communication connection modules, data acquisition modules, and data playback and analysis processing modules. After reasonable selection and good construction of hardware equipment and software systems, the accuracy and reliability of the wireless monitoring system are compared and verified through drop hammer testing.